CLEAR February 2022

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Cheat Lake Video .. Through the Seasons by Steve Heap
by Duane Nichols 10 Feb '22

10 Feb '22

Cheat Lake through the seasons. A photographic exploration...... https://youtu.be/sJ-I5-Ud76o This exploration of the Cheat Lake near Morgantown in West Virginia couples the dramatic photography of local photographer, Steve Heap, with the story of this lake from its beginnings to the present day. The video illustrates the changes both along the length of the lake but also as the seasons develop and contains some striking images from the air from a drone. This video is also available as an article which is also published with the images used in the video on https://www.BackyardImage.com and you can find these and many more images of the Morgantown area in my online store, https://steven-heap.pixels.com/collec..., available as prints and many other products.

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Is the Coronavirus in Your Backyard? - The New York Times
by Duane Nichols 07 Feb '22

07 Feb '22

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/07/health/coronavirus-deer-animals.html Is the Coronavirus in Your Backyard? White-tailed deer could become a reservoir for the virus, putting people and animals at risk, health experts say. Feb. 7, 2022, 5:00 a.m. ET Suresh Kuchipudi, a veterinary microbiologist at Penn State University in State College, Pa., with Cashew, a young white-tailed deer in the university’s deer research center.Hannah Yoon for The New York Times In late 2020, the coronavirus silently stalked Iowa’s white-tailed deer. The virus infected large bucks and leggy yearlings. It infiltrated a game preserve in the southeastern corner of the state and popped up in free-ranging deer from Sioux City to Dubuque. When scientists sifted through bits of frozen lymph node tissue — harvested from unlucky deer killed by hunters or cars — they found that more than 60 percent of the deer sampled in December 2020 were infected. “It was stunning,” said Vivek Kapur, a microbiologist and infectious disease expert at Penn State, who led the research. Dr. Kapur and his colleagues have now analyzed samples from more than 4,000 dead Iowa deer, diligently marking the location of each infected animal on a map of the state. “It’s completely mad,” he said. “It looks like it’s everywhere.” From the start of the pandemic, experts were aware that a virus that emerged from animals, as scientists believe SARS-CoV-2 did, could theoretically spread back to animals. Mink have garnered much attention after the virus spread through mink farms in Europe and North America, leading to massive culls of the animals. But white-tailed deer, which may wander into urban and rural backyards, are also easily infected. Infections in free-ranging deer, which display few signs of illness, are tricky to detect and difficult to contain. Deer also live alongside us in dizzying numbers; about 30 million white-tailed deer roam the continental United States. Vivek Kapur, a microbiologist at Penn State University. “It’s completely mad,” he said. “It looks like it’s everywhere.”Hannah Yoon for The New York Times If white-tailed deer become a reservoir for the virus, the pathogen could mutate and spread to other animals or back to us. Adaptation in animals is one route by which new variants are likely to emerge. “This is a top concern right now for the United States,” said Dr. Casey Barton Behravesh, who directs the One Health Office — which focuses on connections between human, animal and environmental health — at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “If deer were to become established as a North American wildlife reservoir, and we do think they’re at risk of that, there are real concerns for the health of other wildlife species, livestock, pets and even people,” she added. The virus is likely to continue circulating in deer, many experts predicted. But crucial questions remain unanswered: How are deer catching the virus? How might the pathogen mutate inside its cervid hosts? And could the animals pass it back to us? White-tailed deer are a “black box” for the virus, said Stephanie Seifert, an expert on zoonotic diseases at Washington State University: “We know that the virus has been introduced multiple times, we know that there’s onward transmission. But we don’t know how the virus is adapting or how it will continue to adapt.” Cervid surge A researcher trying to swab a white-tailed deer at a wildlife center at Texas A&M University in College Station.Sergio Flores for The New York Times The coronavirus enters human cells by attaching to what are known as ACE2 receptors. Many mammals have similar versions of these receptors, making them susceptible to infection. Early in the pandemic, scientists analyzed the genetic sequences for ACE2 receptors in hundreds of species to predict which animals might be at risk. Deer ranked high on the list, and laboratory experiments later confirmed that the animals could become infected with the virus as well as transmit it to other deer. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service began looking for coronavirus antibodies in blood samples from deer in Illinois, Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania. In July, the agency reported that 40 percent of the animals in those areas had antibodies, suggesting that they had already been infected by the virus. Some months later, Dr. Kapur’s team, which partnered with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, reported that active coronavirus infections were common in Iowa deer, and another group announced that more than one-third of the deer they had swabbed in northeastern Ohio were infected. Genomic analysis suggested that in both Iowa and Ohio, humans had passed the virus to deer multiple times and then the deer readily passed it to one another. “The early detections in companion animals, in mink farms, in zoological collections — those were all different because those were confined populations,” said Dr. Andrew Bowman, a veterinary epidemiologist at Ohio State University, who led the Ohio research. “We didn’t really have a natural setting where the virus could run free.” Whether the virus makes deer sick remains unknown. There is no evidence that infected deer become seriously ill, but humans might not notice if a wild animal was feeling slightly under the weather. And these early studies — which have largely relied on pre-existing disease surveillance or population control projects in deer — provided only a snapshot of what could be a sprawling problem. “I wouldn’t be surprised if more sampling uncovers the fact that these are not necessarily sporadic events,” said Dr. Samira Mubareka, a virologist at Sunnybrook Research Institute and the University of Toronto. In Canada, reports of infected deer are beginning to trickle in from Ontario, Quebec and Saskatchewan. When Dr. Mubareka’s team sequenced virus recovered from Canadian deer, the researchers found it closely matched sequences in Vermont. “Deer don’t respect borders,” said Arinjay Banerjee, a virologist at the University of Saskatchewan. Samples taken from deer that tested negative in Dr. Kapur’s lab at Penn State UniversityHannah Yoon for The New York Times ‘No masking, no social distancing’ How humans are transmitting the virus to deer remains an open question. “It’s definitely a mystery to me how they’re getting it,” said Dr. Angela Bosco-Lauth, a zoonotic disease expert at Colorado State University. There are many theories, none entirely satisfying. An infectious hunter might encounter a deer, Dr. Mubareka noted, but “if they’re good at hunting,” she added, “it’s a terminal event for the deer.” If an infected hiker “sneezes and the wind is blowing in the right direction, it could cause an unlucky event,” said Dr. Tony Goldberg, a veterinary epidemiologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Or if people feed deer from their porch, they could be sharing more than just food. And white-tailed deer are expert leapers, reaching heights of eight feet. “If you want to fence deer out of a place, you have to be trying very hard,” said Scott Creel, an ecologist at Montana State University. Deer would have no trouble jumping into alfalfa fields to graze alongside cattle, perhaps inviting a close encounter with a farmer, Dr. Creel said. Transmission could also happen indirectly, through wastewater or discarded food or other human-generated trash. “Deer, like most other animals, will sniff before they eat,” Dr. Kapur said. And deer release their feces as they feed, creating conditions where other deer might forage in areas contaminated with waste, or snuffle around waste that has feed mixed in, experts say. But it’s not clear how long the virus would remain viable in a polluted water source or on the surface of a half-eaten apple, or whether enough of it would be present to pose a transmission risk. An intermediate host, such as an itinerant cat, might ferry the virus from humans to deer. Farmed deer, which have frequent contact with humans, might also pass the virus to their wild counterparts through an escapee or their feces, Dr. Seifert said. (More than 94 percent of the deer in one captive site in Texas carried antibodies for the virus, researchers found — more than double the rate found in free-ranging deer in the state.) Dr. Sarah Hamer, a veterinary epidemiologist at Texas A&M University, who is interested in contact tracing of deer to understand how their social interactions influence viral transmission.Sergio Flores for The New York Times It may not require many spillovers for the virus to take off in a herd. Infected deer, which shed virus in nasal secretions and feces and have an infectious period of five to six days, can readily spread the virus to others, said Dr. Diego Diel, a virologist at Cornell University. Wild deer are social — traveling in herds, frequently nuzzling noses and engaging in polygamy — and swap saliva through shared salt licks. And unlike humans, deer have no tools for flattening the curve. “They don’t have rapid antigen tests,” Dr. Banerjee said. Dr. Kapur added, “No masking, no social distancing.” Dr. Sarah Hamer, a veterinary epidemiologist at Texas A&M University, is seeking funding to start contact tracing of deer to understand how their social interactions influence viral transmission. She hopes to use proximity loggers to record the time and duration of the animals’ interactions with one another. “What deer are hanging out with what deer?” Dr. Hamer said. “Are there deer superspreaders?” Research is still in early stages, but understanding how the virus is spreading is essential both for slowing transmission in deer and for protecting other vulnerable wildlife. Deer may graze alongside other cervids, such as boreal woodland caribou, which are endangered in Canada and are a traditional food source of First Nations peoples. And if humans are contaminating the wilderness with the virus, it could threaten other, highly endangered species, such as the black-footed ferret, which experts fear may be vulnerable to the virus. “If it’s in the environment, and we don’t know exactly how it’s in the environment or how it’s spreading, all of a sudden we have these endangered animals that are at even higher risk,” said Kaitlin Sawatzki, a virologist at Tufts University. Knowing how we are giving the virus to deer is also crucial for assessing the risk that they may pass it back to us. “The metaphorical window is open, and we don’t know where,” Dr. Bowman said. Dr. Hamer took a sample from a house cat to see if it had the coronavirus after its family had been infected. Cats could be an intermediate host between humans and deer.Sergio Flores for The New York Times Herd immunity The virus is clearly spreading in deer. But what happens next, and how worried should we be? Many experts said they expected the virus to become established in deer and circulate indefinitely. “If it’s not already established, it’s heading in that direction,” Dr. Mubareka said. The Coronavirus Pandemic: Key Things to Know The state of the virus in the U.S. The coronavirus has now claimed more than 900,000 lives across the country, and the Covid death rates remain alarmingly high. The number of new infections, however, has fallen by more than half since mid-January, and hospitalizations are also declining. Still, scientists said they needed longer-term data to be sure, and the outcome was not a given. Currently, people appear to be reintroducing the virus to deer frequently; but if human case rates fell substantially, and people stopped spreading the virus, it could disappear from deer populations. Moreover, deer do develop antibodies to the virus; if the antibodies are strong enough and enough deer develop them, literal herd immunity could squelch the spread. But scientists know very little about deer immunity. “Does exposure to one variant protect the deer population from subsequent variants?” Dr. Banerjee asked. If the virus does establish itself in deer, it is likely to evolve in ways that help it thrive in its new hosts. A deer-optimized version of the virus would not necessarily be more dangerous for people; the virus might adapt in ways that make humans less hospitable hosts. “If this became ‘Deervid,’ then that would be great,” Dr. Goldberg said. (“Hopefully it would stay benign in deer,” he added.) But the virus could retain its ability to easily infect humans while picking up more worrisome mutations, including ones that might allow it to evade our existing immune defenses. “Even if you got the human population immune and fully vaccinated, if there’s still a reservoir persisting in the animals, then that can allow the virus to continue to evolve,” said Linda Saif, a virologist and immunologist at Ohio State University. There is not yet any evidence that deer are infecting people, and for the foreseeable future, experts agreed, humans are far more likely to catch the virus from one another than from anything with hooves. “Even if deer were infecting people, it’s largely inconsequential in the grand scheme, because millions of people are getting infected from human-to-human transmission,” said Dr. Scott Weese, an infectious diseases veterinarian at the University of Guelph in Ontario. “But it becomes more of a risk as we start to control it.” Hunters, who handle deer carcasses extensively, could be at higher risk for contracting the virus from deer, scientists said. (There is no evidence that people can be infected by eating deer meat cooked to an internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit.) People who hand-feed their local deer — a practice experts warn against — could also be at risk. An abundance of ungulates Dr. Hamer at the deer pen at Texas A&M. Scientists worry that the virus could incubate in deer and morph into a variant capable of spilling back into humans or infect other animals.Sergio Flores for The New York Times Other animals, too, may be at risk from infection from deer. Predators such as mountain lions which kill deer by biting into their trachea or over their nose and mouth, could be infected while feasting. Scientists were relieved when early research suggested that cattle and pigs were minimally susceptible to the virus. But inside the bodies of white-tailed deer, the virus could morph into a pathogen capable of infecting such livestock. “That could be a big problem for food production stability,” Dr. Seifert said. Health officials must stay vigilant, experts said. The U.S.D.A. is now working with state agencies to collect blood samples and nasal swabs from dead deer in more than two dozen states. The work should help experts estimate how many deer have already been infected and whether certain characteristics, from age to habitat type, put some deer at elevated risk. “As we learn more, we will continue to refine and target our surveillance,” said Dr. Tracey Dutcher, the science and biodefense coordinator for the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service at the U.S.D.A. Long-term genomic surveillance is also needed, experts said. “If we start to see some really divergent viral variants popping up in deer in certain places, that would be a red flag,” Dr. Goldberg said. Depending on what scientists learn in the near future, officials could consider a variety of potential mitigation measures, including vaccinating captive deer, thinning infected herds or cleaning up whatever environmental viral contamination is giving the deer the virus in the first place. “I think we’ve got to get our hands around the situation before we really make plans on where to go,” Dr. Bowman said. For now, scientists also advise keeping a close eye on other wildlife. If the virus is so prevalent in deer, which are relatively easy to sample, it could be silently spreading in other species, too. After all, the only reason scientists found the virus in deer is because they thought to look. “We hadn’t realized it was spread in deer at all,” Dr. Kapur said. “We had no clue.” Sent from my iPad

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'I'd call him an English gentleman': Family describes missing Cheat Lake man
by Duane Nichols 07 Feb '22

07 Feb '22

https://news.yahoo.com/id-call-him-english-gentleman-043700171.html 'I'd call him an English gentleman': Family describes missing Cheat Lake man From an Article by Jim Bissett, Morgantown Dominion Post, February 5, 2022 Feb. 5—It's been more than a month since Bryn Hargreaves last spoke to family in his native England. And when Monongalia County deputies tried the door to his Whisper Creek apartment after he was declared missing Jan. 16, the easy give caught them for a second. That's because it wasn't locked. Once inside, they discovered his wallet and his keys. The clothes in his closet were neatly arrayed on hangers, as always. Nothing was out of place. Well, except for him. He wasn't there. "It was like he was abducted, or he did a walk-around, " his mother, Maria Andrews said this past Thursday in the newsroom of The Dominion Post. She and another son, David Hargreaves, had traveled to the U.S. from their home in Wigan, a working-class city in northern England, right between Manchester and Liverpool, the home of The Beatles. Wigan is known for more than its close proximity to where John, Paul, George and Ringo once roamed. It's also a hotbed for rugby, the rough-and-tumble sport that helped inspire American football, and Bryn Hargreaves, who is now 36, was one the best, turning pro at a young age. He played on championship teams and enjoyed fame, but, like a lot of athletes, he didn't have a long go of it. New shores ~ In 2012, his contract wasn't renewed — in part, because his team was losing money and facing liquidation, his mother said. "So he got disillusioned with the old game, " said Andrews, whose father and brother also played the sport professionally. The year previous, he met an American woman while on holiday in Mexico. A courtship turned into marriage, and that led to a trip across the pond to Pittsburgh, where his new wife had connections. "At 26, he had still had a quite a few years in him, " his mother said. "So he was off to America with the start of a new life." A buddy reaches out ~ Except, it didn't quite click, both his mother and brother said. The marriage didn't last either, and the only job he could was at an engineering firm in the Steel City that did pipeline work and natural gas exploration in the Marcellus shale. "It wasn't the job he wanted, " Andrews said. Still, he made a good go of his employment — with an easy grin and the stiff upper lip of a Brit at the same time. He quickly advanced to the position of project manager. At 6-foot-2 and a muscled 220 pounds, no one was going to outwork him on the job site. His brother said a job transfer for a project brought him to Morgantown right before the pandemic hit two years ago. Which didn't help, both David and his mother said. A co-worker contacted the family asking about Bryn's well-being, David said, when his brother hadn't been seen for a while. Mired in Morgantown ~ Being an ocean away from a close family, while being divorced on top of that, didn't help. Plus, he had a car crash this past Dec. 8, leaving him with a nagging back injury and an undrivable Jeep. He'd been relying on Uber or walking to get around, his family said. David Hargreaves said his brother has been on medical leave since the wreck. The injury has left the once-formidable athlete frustrated, his mother said. It's been a perfect storm for blue feelings, she and David said. "He hasn't been in a good place, " Bryn's brother said. "I think COVID, the crash, the season — Christmas — and I think something along with the medication because of his injury ..." his mother said, trailing off. The search continues ~ Meanwhile, deputies and a volunteer with trained dogs are continuing to search the wooded expanses behind Whisper Creek Apartments and in the Cheat Lake area where the luxury complex is located. "We have people out there almost every day, " said Detective Stephen Currie, the lead investigator on the case. "It hasn't been easy with the snow." A broader search is being planned with the Mountaineer Area Rescue Group, the detective said. There's that, plus the canvassing of all Hargreaves' electronic transactions and other online activity from Google to Apple — "And that takes time, " Currie said. "I know people get frustrated." "We know he's not driving his car, " he said. To date, there have been no eyewitnesses or sightings on surveillance cameras at the businesses and restaurants Hargreaves has been known to frequent. He's a fan of the Primanti Bros. sandwich chain for one, his brother said. Anyone is information is asked contact the Marion County Sheriff's Department at 304-291-7260, the detective said. Private messages may also be left on the department's Facebook page — which now also home to several groups formed to assist in the search. Just type in his name in the search field. "We know the police are doing everything they can, " David Hargreaves said. "And we're so thankful for the support of everyone else, with the social media push." Signature traits ~ If he is out and about, Bryn Hargreaves may be sporting a beard, his brother said. Or, maybe not. There's that distinctive tattoo of the family crest on his right arm, also — which will likely be covered by a coat or jacket — and his size, which can't be missed. While he hasn't kept up with his conditioning, he hasn't gone to fat either, his brother said. He's also left-handed, should you catch him signing his name somewhere. There's that, and his now Angelo-American accent, a distinct mashup that's not fully Yank and no longer 100 % Brit, either. Along with Bryn and David, there's another son in the brood, Gareth, who got married three years ago. That was the last time Bryn was back home, and his brothers teased about his almost-American accent. "He now says 'aluminum, ' whereas we still say 'awl-you-min-EEH-um, '" David remembered. The other thing that's distinctive, he said, is his brother's personality. Despite starring in an extremely aggressive sport, he's gentle and softspoken, his brother said. He plays guitar, does drawing and sketches and is well-read. There's that British drollery, also. Ask him, in American fashion, how he's doing, and wait for the signature response: "Absolutely average." "Everybody loves him, " David said. "I'd call him an English gentleman."

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