CLIMATE CHANGE SCIENCE PROGRAM

PANEL GIVES U.S. PROGRAM MIXED GRADES.
The National Research Council is pleased that the Bush Administration has advanced the science
of climate change, but has serious concerns about the management, funding, and emphasis of the
$1.7 billion a year Climate Change Science Program.

Chapter from which Questions have been taken [PDF files]	Questions [PDF files]
Multiple chapters	All Questions in Single File [7Mb]
1. Historical Overview of Climate Change Science	1.1. What Factors Determine Earth's Climate? [392Kb] 1.2. What is the Relationship between Climate Change and Weather? [514Kb] 1.3. What is the Greenhouse Effect? [2.7Mb]
2.Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing	2.1. How do Human Activities Contribute to Climate Change and How do They Compare with Natural Influences? [298Kb]
3.Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change	3.1. How are Temperatures on Earth Changing? [3.7Mb] 3.2. How is Precipitation Changing? [296Kb] 3.3. Has there been a Change in Extreme Events like Heat Waves, Droughts, Floods and Hurricanes? [412Kb]
4.Observations: Changes in Snow, Ice and Frozen Ground	4.1. Is the Amount of Snow and Ice on the Earth Decreasing? [254Kb]
5. Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level	5.1. Is Sea Level Rising? [139Kb]
6. Palaeoclimate	6.1. What Caused the Ice Ages and Other Important Climate Changes Before the Industrial Era? [549Kb] 6.2. Is the Current Climate Change Unusual Compared to Earlier Changes in Earth's History? [79Kb]
7.Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry	7.1. Are the Increases in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gases During the Industrial Era Caused by Human Activities? [701Kb]
8.Climate Models and their Evaluation	8.1. How Reliable Are the Models Used to Make Projections of Future Climate Change? [183Kb]
9. Understanding and Attributing Climate Change	9.1. Can Individual Extreme Events be Explained by Greenhouse Warming? [129Kb] 9.2. Can the Warming of the 20th Century be Explained by Natural Variability? [601Kb]
10. Global Climate Projections	10.1. Are Extreme Events, Like Heat Waves, Droughts or Floods, Expected to Change as the Earth's Climate Changes? [79Kb] 10.2. How Likely are Major or Abrupt Climate Changes, such as Loss of Ice Sheets or Changes in Global Ocean Circulation? [100Kb] 10.3. If Emissions of Greenhouse Gases are Reduced, How Quickly do Their Concentrations in the Atmosphere Decrease? [211Kb]
11. Regional Climate Projections	11.1. Do Projected Changes in Climate Vary from Region to Region? [1.2 Mb]

U.S.

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